Types of 12V Starting Battery
12V batteries are used in vehicles and boating applications to provide the initial jolt of power needed for engine starting. These batteries can have CCA ratings in the hundreds to thousands depending on the application.
Multiple 12V batteries can be connected in series or parallel to create a higher voltage or more storage capacity. Lithium batteries are created with built-in battery management systems for safe and efficient operation.
Types of 12V Batteries
12V batteries store chemical energy to 12v-storage-battery create direct current (DC) power that can be used in a variety of applications. They provide consistent DC electricity in one direction, unlike the alternating current (AC) power that flows continuously in both directions found in household outlets.
Choosing the right battery type is essential to the performance and longevity of the device or system they’re charged to power. Understanding the different types of 12V batteries – including lead acid, gel, and lithium ion – is important for making the best buying decision.
The oldest of the battery types, flooded lead-acid batteries contain suspended lead plates in a solution of sulfuric acid that initiates a chemical reaction to store energy. These batteries are cheap upfront, easy to source, and can produce a large current for short periods of time, which makes them the perfect choice for starting vehicle engines. However, they also have the shortest lifespan of any of the battery types and require regular monitoring to ensure they are functioning properly. A step up from this is a gel battery that suspends the lead plates in a thicker, solid gel rather than liquid.
Flooded Lead-Acid Batteries
Flooded lead-acid batteries, also known as “wet cell” or “flooded” batteries, contain liquid electrolyte solutions that trigger chemical reactions to send electric currents. They are the most common battery option for vehicles, backup power systems, and other commercial equipment.
Because they contain free electrolyte, flooded batteries require regular inspection and maintenance to ensure the liquid stays at an optimum level. They also generate hydrogen gas while charging, which can cause an explosion if the battery is not properly enclosed.
When handling flooded batteries, it is important to wear protective gloves and eyewear to avoid chemical burns. If sulfuric acid is accidentally splashed onto your skin or clothes, you should immediately rinse with water and seek medical attention. It’s also essential to make sure that the battery room is properly ventilated to prevent buildup of toxic gases. Flooded batteries also have detachable caps that can be poured with distilled water if the liquid inside becomes low. This is a simple process that takes only a few minutes. It’s also important to charge these batteries according to the manufacturer’s instructions to maximize lifespan and performance.
Gel Batteries
Gel batteries are a type of lead-acid battery that do not use liquid electrolyte. Instead, they are filled with sulphuric acid that has been combined with silica to form a gel-like material. This encapsulates the positive and negative plates within the electrolyte, protecting them from damage due to vibrations and temperature fluctuations.
The benefits of gel batteries include their low vapor emissions and their resistance to vibrations. These features make them suitable for applications where a battery must be exposed to extreme conditions. For example, they are a good choice for powering four-wheelers and other recreational vehicles. They also offer a high cycling performance and a long lifespan.
Gel batteries do not like to be charged at high voltages, so it is important that you select the correct charger for your application. Gel batteries require a charger that has been specifically designed for gel cells and can operate at lower charging voltages. A taper charger can “scar” the gel within a gel battery, damaging it and shortening its life. Avoid this risk by using a battery that is compatible with gel cell chargers.
AGM Batteries
AGM (Absorbent Glass Mat) batteries use finely-woven fiberglass mats to hold the electrolyte, making them spill proof. This technology makes them safer than flooded lead acid batteries, and allows them to be shipped without hazardous materials restrictions. It also increases their vibration resistance and allows them to be installed in any position at odd angles, which makes them a popular choice for marine, RV and robotic applications. These batteries have superior cycling performance and can last twice as long as traditional lead acid batteries.
Their sealed design reduces gassing, minimizing acid leakage and water loss, which extends their lifespan. They are a perfect choice for Household integrated solar system off-grid power systems and stand alone energy storage, including environmentally friendly renewable solar and wind energy systems. They are also used in cars that need to run high-power accessories, like heated seats and steering wheels, as well as for backup power supplies in homes and businesses. They are more expensive than other lead-acid batteries, but their quality, efficiency and longevity make them a wise investment in the long term.
Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lithium-ion batteries are a rechargeable battery technology that leverages lithium ions to provide more energy per battery size. During charging, lithium ions move from the negative electrode or anode to the positive electrode or cathode through the electrolyte. This reversible process creates a potential difference that produces electricity, which then returns to the anode when the battery is discharged.
As a result, these batteries hold a charge for longer than lead-acid batteries and are more efficient in terms of power delivery. They also do not suffer from the memory effect that impacts other battery chemistries.
For starter applications, these batteries are designed to provide the instant surge of current needed to activate internal combustion engines. They can be used in cars, motorcycles, ATV’s and snowmobiles as well as marine and powersport equipment like trolling motors.
They are also a popular choice for emergency power backup and UPS systems due to their ability to store more energy per battery size. They are also more resilient against heat, which can damage many other types of batteries.
