Solar Energy System For Home and Business
Solar energy systems convert sunlight into electricity to power homes and businesses. They can also be paired with battery storage for backup power during non-sun hours.
Whether you purchase your system or opt for a lease or PPA, make sure you compare providers’ financing options. Pay special attention to interest rates and contract terms.
Panels
Depending on the size of your home and energy needs, you’ll need one or more solar panels to collect and convert sunlight into electricity. Solar panels, also called photovoltaic (PV) modules, are made from silicon, which is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. One ton of silicon produces as much electricity as burning 500,000 tons of coal.
Each panel contains a semiconductor, typically made of silicon, which absorbs sunlight and knocks loose electrons in a process called photovoltaic effect. A series of metal contacts at the top and bottom of each cell directs that current into a flow that powers an external object—from as small as a calculator to as large as a power station.
Solar panel efficiency is measured by a ratio of actual output to theoretical output. The higher the ratio, the more efficient the panel. A PV system’s performance is affected by temperature, as well. A panel with a lower temperature coefficient will perform better in warm climates than one with a higher coefficient rating.
Many people choose to install their own solar energy systems in order to reduce their energy costs and become more self-sufficient. While the upfront investment can be significant, many states offer a variety of incentives for going solar that can help you to recover your expenses in a relatively short amount of time.
Inverters
As part of the solar PV system, inverters convert direct current (DC) electricity from the panels into alternating current (AC). AC electricity is used for appliances and tools. An inverter also helps monitor and track performance. Some offer remote system monitoring via the internet.
The first inverters were mechanical and used spinning motors to change the direction of electricity flow, but today’s inverters are more intelligent. They respond to electrical signals and are programmed to do things like begin battery charging at a certain state of charge or sell power to the grid at specific times of day.
Inverters can also sense and react to deviations in voltage and frequency from the standard. A smart inverter solar energy system for home can stay on and “ride through” small fluctuations, but if the voltage or frequency drops too low for too long, it will disconnect from the grid to protect itself.
Solar-plus-energy storage systems are becoming increasingly popular. These combine a solar panel array with a battery to provide backup energy for your home in the event of a grid outage. Hybrid solar systems are ideal for homeowners in areas with frequent outages, and they’re often cheaper than off-grid solar options.
Electric Meter
An electric meter continually measures your energy usage, which allows the utility company to bill you for power. Most homeowners use smart meters, which transmit data wirelessly to the utility company. While some people worry about the electromagnetic radiation emitted by smart meters, the information sent to the utility company does not have enough power to negatively impact your health.
Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity to power home appliances and equipment. Excess electricity generated by a home solar system can be used to charge a battery, or sent back (exported) to the electricity grid, depending on your local utility’s net metering policies. Solar export and consumption is tracked by an electric meter, which provides the data for electricity billing.
Before deciding to install a solar power system, homeowners should be aware of their total electricity usage and consider low-cost efficiency upgrades. In addition, they should discuss their options for financing a solar energy system with their licensed solar installer and the local utility company.
Many solar power systems are candidates for state, local and utility incentives. Visit the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (DSIRE) to learn more about available incentives. The cost of a solar energy system can be financed using a number of different options, including a loan or lease. Homeowners can also qualify for federal tax credits.
Net Metering
In many states, homeowners can receive full retail net metering for the electricity their solar energy system produces. This policy allows for a good financial return on your investment, simplified billing arrangements and environmental benefits. However, some utilities claim that it causes a “cost shift” that increases electricity rates for non-solar customers and may result in an unfair burden to lower-income communities.
When your grid-tied solar system overproduces, excess power is sent back to SOLAR WATER PUMP the utility grid along the same wires that carry electricity to homes. This energy is stored in the utility’s system and applied as credits to your account on days when your solar system doesn’t produce as much, or at all.
Net metering is the most common method for compensating solar owners for the electricity they provide to the grid. It is also the most effective tool for reducing electricity bills and helping consumers to save money over time.
Net metering is available in 38 states and Washington, D.C., and is the primary driver of the solar industry’s growth and a key component of any complete home energy solution. If you’re considering a solar energy system for your home, ask your EnergySage solar expert about the state and local laws and rules in your area, including net metering policies. Then, get a quote from a qualified solar installer in your community.
